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Aortic valve stenosis is the most common type of heart valve disease in the elderly and affects more than one in eight people aged over 75. Left untreated it has a higher mortality than most cancers. The condition is typically caused by degeneration and thickening of the aortic valve, which narrows the valve opening and reduces blood flow. Blood cells that have to squeeze through the narrow valve come under intense frictional force, known as shear stress.
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