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Seasonal occurrence of algae blooms in surface waters brings about taste and odor (T&O) problems, the risk of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), and disturbance to water treatment systems. The coagulation stage is recommended for their removal and to regulate occasional raw water quality fluctuations to ensure minimal impact on subsequent processes. In practice, owing to the variable condition of the water and low degradability of certain compounds, achieving the desired results with a single conventional method is difficult.
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